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Kala-baxa waa walax firfircoon oo isku xiran oo leh laba astaamood oo iska soo horjeeda oo ah lipophilicity iyo hydrophilicity gudaha molecule-ka.

Kala firdhisku waxa uu tilmaamayaa isku darka ay samaysay kala firdhinta hal walax (ama dhowr walax) oo loo rogay walax kale oo qaab ah walxo.

Kala firdhiyeyaashu waxay si isku mid ah u kala firdhin karaan walxaha adag iyo kuwa dareeraha ah ee midabada aan dabiiciga ahayn iyo kuwa dabiiciga ah ee ay adag tahay in lagu milmo dareeraha, waxayna sidoo kale ka hortagaan qoyaanka iyo isku-ururinta walxaha, iyagoo sameeya reagents amphiphilic ah oo loo baahan yahay joojinta deggan. Houhuan kiimikada R & D iyo soo saarista waxyaabaha lagu daro biyaha iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro saliidda ee warshadaha kala duwan, qaybaha surfactant ee la xiriira.

Nidaamka kala firdhinta waxa loo qaybiyaa: xal, colloid iyo suspension (emulsion). Xalka, milku waa kala firdhiye, milku waa kala firdhiye. Tusaale ahaan, xalka NaCl, kala firdhiye waa NaCl, kala firdhiye waa biyo. Kala firdhiye waxa loola jeedaa walaxda ku kala firdhisan qaybaha nidaamka kala firdhiye. Walax kale waxaa loo yaqaan walax kala firdhiye.

Hawlaha isticmaalka kala-soocidda midabka warshadaha waa sida soo socota:

1. Isticmaal kala-baxa qoyaanka si loo yareeyo waqtiga iyo tamarta loo baahan yahay si loo dhammaystiro hawsha kala-baxa, loo xasiliyo kala-baxa midabka ee kala firdhisan, looxa PP-ga kor u qaada, loo beddelo sifooyinka dusha sare ee walxaha midabka, iyo loo hagaajiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa walxaha midabka.

2. Yaree xiisadda u dhaxaysa dareeraha dareeraha ah iyo dareeraha adag. Kala firdhiyeyaashu sidoo kale waa surfactants. Kala firdhiyeyaashu waa anionic, cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric iyo polymeric. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah nooca anionic.

3. Kala firdhi wakiil kaaliye ah oo hagaajin kara kala firdhinta walxaha adag ama dareeraha ah.